dask.array.random.wald
dask.array.random.wald¶
- dask.array.random.wald(*args, **kwargs)¶
Draw samples from a Wald, or inverse Gaussian, distribution.
This docstring was copied from numpy.random.mtrand.RandomState.wald.
Some inconsistencies with the Dask version may exist.
As the scale approaches infinity, the distribution becomes more like a Gaussian. Some references claim that the Wald is an inverse Gaussian with mean equal to 1, but this is by no means universal.
The inverse Gaussian distribution was first studied in relationship to Brownian motion. In 1956 M.C.K. Tweedie used the name inverse Gaussian because there is an inverse relationship between the time to cover a unit distance and distance covered in unit time.
Note
New code should use the ~numpy.random.Generator.wald method of a ~numpy.random.Generator instance instead; please see the Quick start.
- Parameters
- meanfloat or array_like of floats
Distribution mean, must be > 0.
- scalefloat or array_like of floats
Scale parameter, must be > 0.
- sizeint or tuple of ints, optional
Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g.,
(m, n, k)
, thenm * n * k
samples are drawn. If size isNone
(default), a single value is returned ifmean
andscale
are both scalars. Otherwise,np.broadcast(mean, scale).size
samples are drawn.
- Returns
- outndarray or scalar
Drawn samples from the parameterized Wald distribution.
See also
random.Generator.wald
which should be used for new code.
Notes
The probability density function for the Wald distribution is
\[P(x;mean,scale) = \sqrt{\frac{scale}{2\pi x^3}}e^ \frac{-scale(x-mean)^2}{2\cdotp mean^2x}\]As noted above the inverse Gaussian distribution first arise from attempts to model Brownian motion. It is also a competitor to the Weibull for use in reliability modeling and modeling stock returns and interest rate processes.
References
- 1
Brighton Webs Ltd., Wald Distribution, https://web.archive.org/web/20090423014010/http://www.brighton-webs.co.uk:80/distributions/wald.asp
- 2
Chhikara, Raj S., and Folks, J. Leroy, “The Inverse Gaussian Distribution: Theory : Methodology, and Applications”, CRC Press, 1988.
- 3
Wikipedia, “Inverse Gaussian distribution” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_Gaussian_distribution
Examples
Draw values from the distribution and plot the histogram:
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> h = plt.hist(np.random.wald(3, 2, 100000), bins=200, density=True) >>> plt.show()